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According to the New Testament, Mary (''Miriam:'' (ヘブライ語:מרים); BC – AD), also known as St Mary the Virgin, the Blessed Virgin Mary,〔http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15464b.htm〕 Saint Mary, Mary the Mother of God,〔 or the Virgin Mary—amongst other titles, styles and honorifics—was a Galilean〔''Mary in the New Testament'', Raymond Edward Brown, Joseph A. Fitzmyer, Karl Paul Donfried, A Collaborative statement by Protestant, Anglican and Roman Catholic scholars, (NJ 1978), page 140〕 woman of Nazareth and the mother of Jesus. The gospels of Matthew and Luke in the New Testament describe Mary as a virgin (, ''parthénos'')〔 uses Greek ''parthénos'' virgin, whereas only the Hebrew of , from which the New Testament ostensibly quotes, as ''Almah'' young maiden. See article on ''parthénos'' in Bauer/(Arndt)/Gingrich/Danker, "A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature", Second Edition, University of Chicago Press, 1979, p. 627.〕〔 and Christians believe that she conceived her son while a virgin by the Holy Spirit. This took place when she was already betrothed to Joseph and was awaiting the concluding rite of marriage, the formal home-taking ceremony.〔Browning, W. R. F. ''A dictionary of the Bible''. 2004 ISBN 0-19-860890-X page 246〕 She married Joseph and accompanied him to Bethlehem, where Jesus was born.〔Ruiz, Jean-Pierre. "Between the Crèche and the Cross: Another Look at the Mother of Jesus in the New Testament." ''New Theology Review''; Aug2010, Vol. 23 Issue 3, pp3-4〕 According to ancient Jewish custom, Mary could have been betrothed at about 12,〔Allison, Dale C., (''Matthew: A Shorter Commentary'', p.12 ) Continuum International Publishing Group, 2004 ISBN 0-567-08249-0〕 however, there is no direct evidence of Mary's age at betrothal or in pregnancy. The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem. According to Apocryphal writings, at some time soon after her death, her incorrupt body was assumed directly into Heaven, to be reunited with her soul, and the apostles thereupon found the tomb empty; this is known in Christian teaching as the Assumption.〔''Munificentissimus Deus: Dogma of the Assumption'' by Pius XII, 1950, 17''〕〔, access date 18 April 2015〕 Mary has been venerated since Early Christianity,〔Burke, Raymond L.; et al. (2008). ''Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons'' ISBN 978-1-57918-355-4 page 178〕〔''Mary for evangelicals'' by Tim S. Perry, William J. Abraham 2006 ISBN 0-8308-2569-X page 142〕 and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran Churches believe that Mary, as Mother of Jesus, is the Mother of God and the ''Theotokos'', literally "Giver of birth to God". There is significant diversity in the Marian beliefs and devotional practices of major Christian traditions. The Roman Catholic Church holds distinctive Marian dogmas; namely her status as the mother of God; her Immaculate Conception; her perpetual virginity; and her Assumption into heaven.〔"Mary, the mother of Jesus." ''The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Houghton Mifflin''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002. Credo Reference. Web. September 28, 2010.〕 Many Protestants minimize Mary's role within Christianity, based on the argued brevity of biblical references.〔 Mary (''Maryam'') also has a revered position in Islam, where a whole chapter of the Qur'an is devoted to her, also describing the birth of Jesus.〔http://www.ewtn.com/library/mary/marykran.htm〕 ==Names== The New Testament name was based on the original Aramaic name ܡܪܝܡ ''Maryam'' or ''Mariam''.〔''A Dictionary of First Names'' by Patrick Hanks, Kate Hardcastle and Flavia Hodges (July 27, 2006) Oxford University Press ISBN 0198610602 entry for Mary〕 The English name "Mary" comes from the Greek Μαρία, which is a shortened form of Μαριάμ. Both Μαρία and Μαριάμ appear in the New Testament. In Christianity, Mary is commonly referred to as the Virgin Mary, in accordance with the belief that she conceived Jesus miraculously through the Holy Spirit without her husband's involvement. Among her many other names and titles are Saint Mary, Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God in Western churches, ''Theotokos'' in Orthodox Christianity, and Maryam, mother of Isa, in Islam. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mary (mother of Jesus)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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